Materi: Conditional Sentence

            Dalam postinganku kali ini, aku akan berbagi tentang materi yang udah pernah aku dapetin di sekolah, semoga bisa berguna :)

Conditional Sentence

(Kalimat Pengandaian)

Kalian pasti pernah mengandaikan sesuatu seperti misalnya “jika aku bertemu dia, aku akan memperkenalkan diri” atau “jika aku punya uang, aku akan membeli sepatu”. Nah kalimat itu dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Conditional Text atau artinya kalimat pengandaian.

            Conditional sentence adalah complex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari subordinate clause yang diawali dengan subordinate conjunction if berupa condition (syarat) dan main clause berupa result/consequence (hasil).

            Conditonal sentence ini fungsinya untuk menyatakan tentang kemungkinan terjadi atau situasi imajinasi. Terdapat 4 tipe conditional sentence. Kondisi yang digambarkan pada conditional sentence type 0 berupa fakta dan selalu terjadi. Conditional sentence type 1 merupakan kondisi yang mungkin terpenuhi. Conditional sentence type 2 kondisinya hampir tidak mungkin terpenuhi. Conditional sentence type 3 kondisinya sudah tidak mungkin untuk dipenuhi. Agak ribet ya, tapi nanti kalo udah ngerti formulanya gampang kok (aku juga awalnya sulit ngerti hehe).

            Formula Conditional Sentence

            Tiap – tiap conditional sentence memiliki formula tersendiri. Tetapi secara umum, rumus kalimat pengandaian ini adalah sebagai berikut.

Atau...

          

  Rumus conditional sentence pada tiap – tiap tipe :

Type	Rumus Conditional Sentence
0	if + simple present, simple present
1	if + simple present, will + bare infinitive
2	if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive
3	if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

            Conditional sentence type 0

            Conditional sentence type 0 is used for actions that are always true. Itu berarti keadannya bersifat fakta yang pasti akan terjadi bila kamu melakukannya atau bisa juga bersifat kejadian alamiah.

            Function : We use zero conditional to refer to general truth. The time is now or always and the situation is real and possible

Contohnya : If you heat water, it boils. Iya pastikan? Kalau kamu memanaskan air, air itu pasti akan mendidih (dan gak mungkin akan membeku wkwk).

            Cara ku agar lebih mudah memahami tiap tipe conditional sentence adalah dengan memisah kalimat tersebut (karena ada pertemuan pasti ada perpisahan *lah?). Gini maksudnya, kita pisahin kalimat utama (main clause) dengan kalimat if clause (pokoknya yang ada kata ‘if’ hehe)..

            “I am sleepy at work, If I sleep late” (kalimat positif; menyatakan kebiasaan)

            Main Clause     : I am sleepy at work, (simple present)

            If Clause          : If I sleep late (if + simple present)

            Meaning           : I am sleepy at work because I sleep late (artinya tetap sama)

            Terus gimana kalo kalimat if clausenya didepan ? Kalo udah dibagi 2 seperti ini kalimatnya gak akan pusing kok :D

“If people eat too much, they get fat.”

” (kalimat negatif; menyatakan fakta)

            Main Clause     : They get fat. (simple present)

            If Clause          : If people eat too much. (if + simple present)

            Meaning           : People eat too much so that they get fat.”

           

            Contoh lainnya :

• If you touch a fire, you get burned.
• People die if they don't eat.
• You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
• Snakes bite if they are scared
• If babies are hungry, they cry

Negatif if + condition

Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh conditional sentence: if…not dan unless:

Dengan menggunakan rumus negatif if, contoh conditional sentence seperti di bawah ini.

• If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.
• Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask.

Conditional sentence type 1

            Conditional sentence is used for real and possible situations. Sesuatu yang kemungkinan terjadinya tinggi.

            Function : We use first conditional to refer to possible conditions and its probable result. The time is present or future and the situation is real.

Contohnya : If I meet him, I will introduce myself. Jika saya bertemu dia, saya “akan” memperkenalkan diri.

“If I miss the train today, I will drive to work”

Main Clause    : I will drive to work (will + bare infinitive / V1)

If Clause         : If I miss the train today (present tense)

Meaning          :I miss the train today so that I will drive to work atau I will drive to work because I miss the train today.

            Contoh lainnya :

1. Possibilities

You’ll miss the train if you don’t hurry!

If I miss the train today, I’ll drive to work.

I will pass my math exam if I study hard.

If it rains, we won’t have our picnic.

If you stay out in the rain too long, you’ll get sick!

My mom will be angry if I’m late tonight!

2. Superstitions

If you see a penny on the ground and pick it up, it will bring you good luck!

If you break a mirror, you will have 7 years of bad luck!

If you rub a rabbit’s foot, it will bring you good luck!

If you walk under a ladder, you will have bad luck!

You will have bad luck if you open an umbrella indoors.

3. Future plans

If you’re going shopping today, I’ll come with you!

If you can get me a ticket, I’ll go to the concert with you!

If you see Ken later today, will you tell him to call me?

4. Warnings and threats

If you don’t come to my birthday party, I’ll never speak to you again.

If you eat too much ice cream, you’ll make yourself sick!

If you say that again, I will hurt you!

Conditional sentence type 2

Conditional sentence type 2 is used for unreal or impossibele things. Berarti sudah tidak ada kemungkinan untuk terjadi.

Function : We use second conditional to refer hypothetical condition and its probable result. The time is now or any time and the situation is unreal.

Contohnya : “If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.” Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari, akan tetapi maknanya berbanding terbalik. Yakni, besok tidak hujan, saya tidak tidur sepanjang hari.

            "If Jack became rich, he would marry her”

            Main Clause    : He would marry her (would/could/might + bare infinitive)

            If Clause         : If Jack became rich (if + simple past)

            Meaning          : Jack doesn’t become rich so he will not marry her (present tense ; will + bare infinitive) Jadi kalau bentuk Conditional sentence type 2-nya positive maka artinya pasti negative dan kembali ke bentuk conditional senctence type 1 yang menggunakan present tense (if clause) dan will + bare infinitive (main clause)

            Contoh lainnya..

            Things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.

• If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)
• If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
• She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
• She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't happen)

Something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:

• If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).
• If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.
  
  

Conditional sentence type 3

Conditional sentence type 3 is used for unreal past actions. Sesuatu yang sudah gak mungkin terjadi di masa lalu (kayak pepatah bilang, nasi telah menjadi bubur *eh)

Function : we use third conditional to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past condition and its probable result. The time is past and the situation is contrary to reality

Contohnya: “If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.” Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu namun maknanya adalah Kamu tidak ingat mengundang saya jadi saya tidak akan hadir di pestamu.

            If I worked hard, I would have passed the exam

            Main Clause    : I would have passed the exam (would/should/could/might have + past participle)

            If Clause         : If I worked hard (if + past perfect)

            Meaning          : I didn’t work hard so I didn’t past the exam (past tense) Kembali ke bentuk conditional sentence type 2.

            Contoh lainnya..

• If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass)
• If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
• If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
• She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
• She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
• He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine

Demikian penjelasan yang bisa aku bagi dipostingan kali ini, kalo ada yang salah mohon koreksi ya ^_^ Menjawab kuis di beberapa link ini sangat membantu dalam menguasai conditional sentence lho..

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/conditional_quiz.htm

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-3 

http://www.englishpractice.com/quiz/conditional-sentences-quiz-1/

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/if.htm

Sumber :

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-conditional-sentences

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/zero-conditional.html

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional.html

Bashir, Mahrukh.(2014). Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI Semester II. Jakarta;Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia