Dalam postinganku kali ini, aku akan
berbagi tentang materi yang udah pernah aku dapetin di sekolah, semoga bisa
berguna :)
Conditional Sentence
(Kalimat
Pengandaian)
Kalian pasti pernah mengandaikan
sesuatu seperti misalnya “jika aku
bertemu dia, aku akan memperkenalkan diri” atau “jika aku punya uang, aku akan membeli sepatu”. Nah kalimat itu
dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Conditional Text atau artinya kalimat pengandaian.
Conditional sentence adalah complex sentence
(kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari subordinate clause yang diawali dengan
subordinate conjunction if berupa condition (syarat) dan main clause berupa
result/consequence (hasil).
Conditonal sentence ini fungsinya
untuk menyatakan tentang kemungkinan terjadi atau situasi imajinasi. Terdapat 4
tipe conditional sentence. Kondisi yang digambarkan pada conditional
sentence type 0 berupa fakta dan selalu terjadi. Conditional sentence type 1 merupakan kondisi yang
mungkin terpenuhi. Conditional sentence type
2 kondisinya hampir tidak mungkin terpenuhi. Conditional sentence type 3 kondisinya sudah tidak mungkin untuk
dipenuhi. Agak ribet ya, tapi nanti kalo udah ngerti formulanya gampang kok (aku juga awalnya sulit ngerti hehe).
Formula
Conditional Sentence
Tiap – tiap conditional sentence
memiliki formula tersendiri. Tetapi secara umum, rumus kalimat pengandaian ini
adalah sebagai berikut.
|
Atau...
Rumus conditional sentence pada tiap
– tiap tipe :
Type
|
Rumus Conditional Sentence
|
0
|
if + simple
present, simple present
|
1
|
if + simple present, will + bare infinitive
|
2
|
if + simple past,
would/could/might + bare infinitive
|
3
|
if + past
perfect, would/should/could/might have + past
participle
|
Conditional sentence type 0
Conditional sentence type 0 is used
for actions that are always true. Itu berarti keadannya bersifat fakta
yang pasti akan terjadi bila kamu melakukannya atau bisa juga bersifat kejadian
alamiah.
Function
: We use zero conditional to refer to general truth. The time is now or always
and the situation is real and possible
Contohnya
: If you heat water, it boils. Iya pastikan? Kalau kamu memanaskan air,
air itu pasti akan mendidih (dan gak
mungkin akan membeku wkwk).
Cara ku agar lebih mudah memahami
tiap tipe conditional sentence adalah dengan memisah kalimat tersebut (karena ada pertemuan pasti ada perpisahan
*lah?). Gini maksudnya, kita pisahin kalimat utama (main clause) dengan
kalimat if clause (pokoknya yang ada kata ‘if’ hehe)..
“I am sleepy at work, If I sleep
late” (kalimat positif; menyatakan kebiasaan)
Main Clause : I am sleepy at work, (simple present)
If Clause : If I sleep late (if + simple present)
Meaning : I am sleepy at work because I sleep late (artinya tetap
sama)
Terus gimana kalo kalimat if
clausenya didepan ? Kalo udah dibagi 2 seperti ini kalimatnya gak akan pusing
kok :D
“If people eat too much, they get
fat.”
”
(kalimat negatif; menyatakan fakta)
Main Clause : They get fat. (simple
present)
If Clause : If people eat too much. (if + simple present)
Meaning : People eat
too much so that they get fat.”
Contoh lainnya :
- If you touch a fire, you get burned.
- People die if they don't eat.
- You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
- Snakes bite if they are scared
- If babies are hungry, they cry
Negatif if +
condition
Rumus: if…not
dapat digantikan dengan unless.
Contoh conditional sentence: if…not dan unless:
Dengan menggunakan
rumus negatif if, contoh conditional sentence seperti di bawah
ini.
- If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.
- Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask.
Conditional
sentence type 1
Conditional sentence is used for real
and possible situations. Sesuatu yang kemungkinan terjadinya tinggi.
Function
: We use first conditional to refer to possible conditions and its probable
result. The time is present or future and the situation is real.
Contohnya
: If I meet him, I will introduce myself. Jika saya bertemu dia,
saya “akan” memperkenalkan diri.
“If I miss the train today, I will drive to work”
Main Clause :
I will drive to work (will + bare
infinitive / V1)
If Clause :
If I miss the train today (present tense)
Meaning :I
miss the train today so that I will drive to work atau I will drive to work because I miss the train today.
Contoh lainnya :1. Possibilities
You’ll miss the train if you don’t hurry!
If I miss the train today, I’ll drive to work.
I will pass my math exam if I study hard.
If it rains, we won’t have our picnic.
If you stay out in the rain too long, you’ll get sick!
My mom will be angry if I’m late tonight!
2. Superstitions
If you see a penny on the ground and pick it up, it will bring you good
luck!
If you break a mirror, you will have 7 years of bad luck!
If you rub a rabbit’s foot, it will bring you good luck!
If you walk under a ladder, you will have bad luck!
You will have bad luck if you open an umbrella indoors.
3. Future plans
If you’re going shopping today, I’ll come with you!
If you can get me a ticket, I’ll go to the concert with you!
If you see Ken later today, will you tell him to call me?
4. Warnings and threats
If you don’t come to my birthday party, I’ll never speak to you again.
If you eat too much ice cream, you’ll make yourself sick!
If you say that again, I will hurt you!
Conditional
sentence type 2
Conditional sentence type 2 is used
for unreal or impossibele things. Berarti sudah tidak ada kemungkinan
untuk terjadi.
Function :
We use second conditional to refer hypothetical condition and its probable
result. The time is now or any time and the situation is unreal.
Contohnya : “If
it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.” Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari,
akan tetapi maknanya berbanding terbalik. Yakni, besok tidak hujan, saya tidak
tidur sepanjang hari.
"If Jack became rich, he would
marry her”
Main Clause : He would marry her (would/could/might
+ bare infinitive)
If Clause : If Jack became rich (if
+ simple past)
Meaning : Jack doesn’t become rich so he will not marry her (present tense ; will + bare infinitive)
Jadi kalau bentuk Conditional sentence type 2-nya positive maka artinya pasti
negative dan kembali ke bentuk conditional senctence type 1 yang menggunakan
present tense (if clause) dan will + bare infinitive (main clause)
Contoh lainnya..
Things in the future that
are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example. - If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)
- If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
- She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
- She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't happen)
Something in the present which is impossible, because
it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:
- If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).
- If I were you, I wouldn't
go out with that man.
Conditional sentence type 3
Conditional
sentence type 3 is used for unreal past actions. Sesuatu yang sudah gak
mungkin terjadi di masa lalu (kayak
pepatah bilang, nasi telah menjadi bubur *eh)
Function : we use third conditional
to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past condition and its
probable result. The time is past and the situation is contrary to reality
Contohnya: “If
you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.” Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu namun maknanya adalah Kamu tidak ingat mengundang saya jadi saya
tidak akan hadir di pestamu.
If I worked hard, I would have
passed the exam
Main Clause : I would have passed the exam (would/should/could/might have + past
participle)
If Clause : If I worked hard (if
+ past perfect)
Meaning : I didn’t work hard so I didn’t past the exam (past tense) Kembali ke bentuk
conditional sentence type 2.
Contoh lainnya..
- If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass)
- If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
- If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
- She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
- She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
- He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine
Demikian penjelasan yang bisa aku
bagi dipostingan kali ini, kalo ada yang salah mohon koreksi ya ^_^ Menjawab
kuis di beberapa link ini sangat membantu dalam menguasai conditional sentence
lho..
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/conditional_quiz.htm
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-3
http://www.englishpractice.com/quiz/conditional-sentences-quiz-1/
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/if.htm
Sumber :
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-conditional-sentences
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/zero-conditional.html
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional.html
Bashir, Mahrukh.(2014). Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI Semester II. Jakarta;Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia